government seeks to benefit

make problematic, perhaps even unconstitutional, race-based decisions. Constitutional equal protection principles forbid government actors from making race-based decisions except in narrow circumstances. This restriction applies even if the government seeks to benefit a disadvantaged racial group. The Supreme Court addressed this problem in a case where a police department threw out the results of a promotion examination because it had a racial disparate impact on Black and Hispanic officers—a disparity that the police department wanted to circumvent. White officers who had studied for the test, taken it, and passed it sued on the grounds that they were entitled to rely on the results. In their view, the department could not throw out test results for race-based reasons because สล็อตเว็บตรง